Some signs of progress in humanity’s history

In this excerpt from Hazel Henderson, she points to the overall fall in the level of violence, and to the progress of our ‘mass learning’ capacity.

(source: This essay has been excerpted as a chapter in WorldShift 2020: The New Vision – Exploring the Evolving Horizons; section ‘From Vision To Reality: Contributions From The Worldshifting Community’ forthcoming from Inner Traditions Publishing (Rochester, VT).

Hazel Henderson:

“We see the crises and breakdowns all around us as driving the necessary breakthroughs: in art, culture, science, technology, governance, politics, communications, production, services, awareness of ecological systems and the place humans occupy in the web of life. We have seen in the various financial crises the inadequacy of conventional economics and the tools of finance it spawned based on the most unattractive human traits. These faulty economic models of human behavior almost mirror the “seven deadly sins” described in many spiritual traditions: envy, gluttony, greed (selfishness), lust (acquisitiveness), pride (competition), sloth, wrath! No wonder our financial systems morphed into an unstable, error-prone global casino. Economics and its theories and models are rooted in the concept of scarcity, based on early human experiencing of the natural world as dangerous and unforgiving and life as “nasty, brutish and short.”

Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker in The Better Angels of Our Nature presents massive historical evidence that in fact violence has declined within our human family over many centuries.[1] Pinker points to six deep trends in our human evolution toward less violence: 1. the transition from nomadic hunting-gathering to settled agriculture; 2. the ten-to-fiftyfold reduction in homicide in Europe from the Middle Ages to the 20th century; 3. the Age of Reason of the 17th and 18th centuries; 4. the transition after World War II which historians refer to as the Long Peace; 5. since the end of the Cold War in 1989 organized conflicts have declined worldwide; and 6. since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, spearheaded by Eleanor Roosevelt, the growing social revulsion for violence against ethnic minorities, women, children, homosexuals and animals.

Pinker cautions that these historical trends could be reversed; we must be vigilant in consolidating progress achieved so far. We humans are learning why our efforts at human development often fail, as shown in Why Nations Fail (2012) by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson, when competition and greed re-assert control by selfish elites. Mercifully, these kind of dictatorships are in decline as social media in our Information Age makes such control and secrecy less possible. Pinker sees our “better angels” fostered by five deeper macro-trends in our societies: feminization, “since violence is largely a male pastime”; cosmopolitization as all human communities are more deeply interconnected; the application of our widening knowledge and reason to human affairs; the growth of “gentle commerce” (rather than the depredations of uncontrolled markets) and the development of the state with judiciary branches and human rights.

The Earth Charter is another sign of humanity’s maturation. Its 16 Principles (www.earthcharter.org) take us beyond human rights to human responsibilities: toward each other, our communities, all species and for maintaining the Earth and its ecosystems. This Earth Charter, launched at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, has travelled the world and been ratified by NGOs, academies, city governments and businesses in most countries. I was honored to witness its presentation at the Peace Palace in The Hague in 2000. These Earth Charter Principles are in stark contrast to conventional economics and finance. This economic model based on scarcity produces fear, competition, hoarding, envy and the pathologies of gambling and risk-taking we see in traders and stock exchanges worldwide. All is based on maximizing a single metric: money, which is equated with the real wealth of human potential and ecological riches it was designed to merely measure. Money is a useful human invention – a good servant but a terrible master.

The promise of the 21st century is that many scales have now fallen from human eyes, along with the blinders of narrow perception and theorizing that psychologist Daniel Kahneman terms “theory-induced blindness.”[2] The uprisings of ordinary people in 2011 and 2012 threw off the shackles of many such earlier belief systems. The mysteries of money and economics are revealed as politics in disguise, as we see money being printed by the billions on our TV screens. Financiers do not provide capital, but are intermediaries between real producers who save money and the investors or borrowers who hope to use it well. Financiers claim that they could not have known the fatal weaknesses in their complex “financial engineering” and illusory models. Yet those with more expansive awareness (including this author) had warned for decades about their inevitable failures. These were not “black swans” or “perfect storms.” They were the consequence of self-induced blindness and economic textbooks still taught in business schools. They teach that social and environmental costs can be “externalized” from financial and company balance sheets and passed on to taxpayers, future generations and the environment.

Today, humanity’s collective awareness of the true conditions for our survival is continuing to expand exponentially due to our globe-girdling communications tools and the new connectivity we have at our disposal. The window of opportunity is opened wide! Our new scientific understanding grows: of our home planet Earth, and of ourselves, our behaviors, potentials of our brains, endocrine systems. We are not the lone individuals as we assumed, but all interconnected and interdependent – one human family sharing similar DNA, beyond any surface differences of skin tone, ethnicity, gender or culture.[3]

As quantum physics and genetic research confirm this truth that we are all one, we embrace new visions and opportunities to grow in consciousness and compassion, as I describe in “Transitioning to the Future We Want” (forthcoming monograph). We discover that we are wired for altruism and empathy by our hormones and mirror cells. All this is now apparent, and a more peaceful, harmonious future is seen as viable and indeed the basics of our survival. The work of biologist Charles Darwin has been re-evaluated by the research of scientists (theDarwinProject.com). Among other findings, it shows that Darwin did not invent the poisonous phrase “the survival of the fittest” upon which the false concepts of “social Darwinism” were constructed. The editors of The Economist, still published in London, admitted that this phrase came from Herbert Spencer writing in their journal who used Darwin to justify the position of the Victorian elites. In Darwin’s Lost Theory of Love (2000), psychologist David Loye explores Darwin’s theories that human survival skills were in our ability to bond with each other, care and share, which he believed would lead to the evolution of altruism.

The caring, sharing, cooperative gift economy was always about the unpaid 50% of all productive work mostly by women in all countries, including raising children, caring for households, serving on school boards, growing your own food, building your own houses, etc. The contributions of this Love Economy never appeared on balance sheets and, thus, were also missing from GDP national scorecards. This problem became central to today’s reforms of the GDP (www.beyond-gdp.eu).[4] In villages in developing countries, economists and analysts finally realized that the official GDP figures ignored the Love Economy which could total as much as 90% of all productive work and livelihoods. Some economists learned that this inspiring reciprocity was the basis of sound societies and avoided many problems of the developed world. Videos about these better options now are broadcast widely online. Such TV programs have been aired on the internet since 2005 by Ethical Markets Media, still available at www.ethicalmarkets.tv. Global coalitions including the World Social Forum, since 2000, the Great Transition Initiative, the Green Economy Coalition and others were followed by alternative media like OtherWorldsArePossible.org. As the world’s women take leadership, populations in many democratic countries stabilize or decline. Official projections of 9 billion members of the human family by 2050 are challenged. Women’s own preferences for fewer children lead to new projections of up to 3 billion avoided births by 2050.[5]

As early as 2011, people came to understand that money is simply a useful form of information, so that we don’t have to carry a pig to market and lead back a cow. Money was a wonderful human innovation but is not “wealth,” rather a metric to track and keep score of human transactions. Ever more people trapped in “bankers’ austerity” policies realized there is no shortage of money as they have seen how it is printed every day by compliant central banks and lent out at interest. Compound interest is a mathematical illusion that counters the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, as I discussed in Politics of the Solar Age (1981) (see also The Money Fix on www.ethicalmarkets.tv). Traditional societies have known this for centuries. As un-repayable debts built up in societies throughout history, religious leaders and kings cancelled them in “Jubilees.” The Jubilee 2000 movement caused the World Bank to cancel the debts of the highly indebted HIPC countries in Africa. Awareness of the corruption and inflation of money circuits spurred the strong growth of local love economies and the sharing and bartering that is standard in villages around the world. Money-creation and credit-allocation simply based on the trust of banks and governments was exposed as corrupt and is leading to the reforms and widespread currency innovations at all levels still evolving today.

Planetary leaders including Nelson Mandela, Vaclav Havel, Martin Luther King, Jr., Wangari Maathai, Eleanor Roosevelt and Dr. Elise Boulding inspired people, along with today’s visionaries Aung San Suu Kyi, the Dalai Lama, Vandana Shiva, Dr. Michelle Bachelet, Daisaku Ikeda, Ervin Laszlo, Deepak Chopra, Jean Houston, Barbara Marx Hubbard and many more from all spiritual traditions. The Mayan Calendar sparked erroneous fears among populations that the world was ending. Instead, humanity is becoming conscious that ‘we are all one,’ as taught in most religious traditions and books, including The Ways and Power of Love by Pitirim Sorokin (1954, 2002). This orchestration of innovation and higher consciousness, together with countless movements of compassionate action can help humanity to endure the rigors and painful adjustments of the transition. All these efforts can manifest fairer, more ethical global green economies envisioned for decades and are now becoming a reality.

These possibilities were explored by Sorokin who formed his Center for Creative Altruism at Harvard University. I have explored elsewhere the extent of the “Love Economy,” that fundamental base of human survival in the unpaid “women’s” work of caring, sharing, volunteering and community service. All this is now joined by the open-source and peer-to-peer movements growing out of digital technology’s opportunities and described by Don Tapscott in Wikinomics (2007). Just as these unpaid sectors are excluded from GDP, so is the productive work of Nature which supports all life. Today, these unpaid sectors of direct information-based trading, together with the Love Economies, are larger than the official money-using, GDP-measured sectors of the world.[6]

As we expand on awareness of our true productive capabilities and the daily influx of free photons from our Mother Star, the Sun, we see that we live not in conditions of scarcity but of abundance! In our Information Age, we experience this abundance in sharing: for example, if you give me information, you have gained and I have lost nothing. We are both richer!

For centuries, and accelerating throughout the past 300 years of the Industrial Revolution, humans have been digging in the earth for their energy, extracting coal, oil, natural gas and uranium to fuel their growing economies, as our numbers grew to today’s 7 billion members of our human family. All the while, the Earth provided us and all species with our life-giving resources. Our Mother Star, the Sun, showers us with trillions of photons freely every day. Enough sunlight falls on the earth in just one hour to meet world energy demands for a whole year.[7] Green plants innovated methods of capturing these photons and turning them into food. Their technology is photosynthesis, using the chloroplasts in their cells to turn sunlight into forms of sugar and other carbohydrates – which form the basis of our human food supply. Bees and other insects helped by flitting among flowers, looking for nectar, and spreading pollen while fertilizing our crops, fruits, nuts and seeds.

As coal, oil, gas and uranium began to pollute our planet and its combustion polluted the atmosphere, we humans began looking up – and appreciating our life-giving Sun, which actually powers our planet and sustains all life in our biosphere. Humans began to look at plants, learning from their successes at capturing the Sun’s rays. The best human scientists began asking Nature how our millions of life forms have learned how to survive over 3 billion years, coexisting and thriving on the Sun’s abundant free energy. Today, a revolution in science is learning to respect Nature as the great innovator. We are harvesting the Sun’s rays in many ways, from wind, from water, from direct capture of solar rays on rooftops and in central power towers – creating steam to drive turbines and create electricity for our transport and factories. We are learning how Nature maximizes efficiency, recycling and re-using all energy and materials – leaving no waste or pollution.

As we humans learn to mimic Nature’s billion years of experimentation and innovation, we are progressing! Our future prospects are looking up! Since 2007, our Green Transition Scoreboard has tracked individual and private investments in creating greener, cleaner economies globally, now at US $3.3 trillion! If we continue to invest at least $1 trillion per year until 2020, we will be leaving the fossil-fueled Industrial Era and entering the Solar Age! The green transition is happening!

This is why Ethical Markets Media produces our Green Transition Scoreboard® mapping the shift from the fossil-fueled Industrial Era to the Solar Age. As investors realize the nature of real wealth, they are moving their money tokens to invest in the cleaner, greener, information-rich green sectors worldwide. The first wave of venture capitalists rushed into “green” investments. They wasted billions in corn-based ethanol to fill the fuel tanks of our gas-guzzling cars while the farm lobby won billions in subsidies. Food prices soared, and millions around the world went hungry. After battles between lobbyists, research proved that corn-based biofuels were even worse for the environment than diesel or gasoline. Some subsidies in the US were repealed as it became clearer that the future of transport would likely be fueled by electricity generated by wind and solar power – together with more bicycling and healthy walking in more compact, redesigned cities. The $20 billion of biofuels subsidies globally should be returned to taxpayers.”

1 Comment Some signs of progress in humanity’s history

  1. AvatarRich Carlson

    Michel,

    Using Steven Pinkers “Better Angels” is a precarious support for a view of “progressive human evolution” or of the species advance in mass learning capabilities that Hazel Henderson seems to champion in this article.

    Pinker’s linear narrative of human progress omits much from its consideration foremost is a clear definition of what violence actually is. In his study of violence and violent crimes he fixates on murder as his yardstick perhaps, because it is something that can be measured to neatly fit his quantitative analysis and support his liberal humanist narrative of rational scientific progress.

    But does the reduction of per capita murders or per capita violent crime rates mean we should congratulate ourselves for our evolutionary expertise? I would argue that would be a very precarious conclusion to draw.

    Among other the things Pinker refuses to admit as violence are what are actually credited in most instances as its causes namely: social inequality, neglect and poverty.
    Nor does he take into consideration the incarceration rates in American prisons, –the vast majority of which are of African Americans – that stem from inequality, neglect, poverty is unprecedented in human history. According to the New Yorker: In 1980, there were about two hundred and twenty people incarcerated for every hundred thousand Americans; by 2010, the number had more than tripled, to seven hundred and thirty-one…. No other country even approaches that. Six million people are under correctional supervision in the U.S. more than were in Stalin’s gulags” http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2012/01/30/120130crat_atlarge_gopnik#ixzz25K8Nec00

    But from what I have read of Pinker he supports those very programs that lead to the incarceration of so many at the lower end of the socio-economic strata. In the following quote he seems to endorse programs like the New York Police Department’s (NYPD) “stop and frisk policy” which in targeting especially young African American and Latino males result in a disproportionate number of them imprisoned for minor possession of street drugs like marijuana. Pinker writes:

    “A regime that trawls for drug users or other petty delinquents will net a certain number of violent people as a by-catch, further thinning the ranks of the violent people who remain on the streets.”

    Is simply incarcerating vast numbers of the population of those who come from the underclass a feature of the liberal humanist values Pinker champions?

    Moreover isn’t debt and the form of it that has been imposed on the world by the Austrian-Anglo-American economic model of neo liberal capitalism also a form of violence? And if so haven’t the forms of violence and crime merely shifted to what we now refer to as non-violent or white collar crimes such as those of crony capitalism on the streaming steroids of information networks? Since the amounts that have been lost in the past few years are in the trillions of dollars are unprecedented in human history shouldn’t we credit our liberal humanist heritage and the lack of “mass learning capabilities” for these as well?

    In fact, the shift in the need to use violence as a mean of controlling populations was well document by Michel Foucault. The evolution of disciplinary techniques of the centralized Panopticon that operates within the spaces of institutional enclosures explains how the molding of docile bodies replaced the need for the actual assertion of physical violence required by the pre-modernist “Societies of the Sovereign”.

    Deleuze extends this analysis of the replacement of violence by other means in his Postscript on Societies of Control. In it he describes how the extremely rapid decentralized free floating and continuous forms of control that rely on information technology under the sign of the Corporation allow for the supervision of individuals (dividuals) in more open environments and replace the need for the centralized gaze of a State or Institutional apparatus to compel our behavior.

    Bernard Stiegler performs a similar analysis of this evolution from disciplinary to control societies –although the two actually overlap- in “From Bio-power to Psycho-power”…. http://antwerp.academia.edu/NathanVanCamp/Papers/360709/From_bio-power_to_psycho-power._The_pharmacology_of_disciplinary_technologies

    In fact, I think Ms. Henderson would do well to study Stiegler’s “Contribution Societies or Economy of Contribution” which he proposes as a pharmakon or remedy to the Control Societies of networked capitalism.

    Returning to Pinker, his championing of the Enlightenment and liberal humanism as somehow the pinnacle of civilizational progress also ignores the consequence of its civilizing mission that contains the specter of colonialism, genocide, totalitarianism, not to mention the very development and application of technologies of mass destruction that have made the past century the actual bloodiest on record.

    Even if Pinker skirts the issue of the past century largely by talking in terms of per capita rather than aggregate deaths or the sheer numbers of people killed in such a short time in both world wars. (50 to 70 million in the six years of WWII) indicates that a linear analysis of per capita violence in human history is insufficient to yield a result that is meaningful in anticipating the future or for championing a “mass advance in learning”.

    In fact the data support a view of the non-linear nature of human history in that yes, perhaps the evolution of human reason may constrain our impulse toward violence but its instrumental application that harnesses the power of nature through technology has created an arsenal of weapons that if ever were deployed on a planetary scale could end the evolution of humanity once and for all.

    There are two very good counters to Pinker which I will provide links to here the first by John Gray includes in his response to Pinker’s claims that increasing standards of Western wealth can be directly correlated with the decrease in violence, is critiqued as follows:

    “The formation of democratic nation-states was one of the principal drivers of violence of the last century, involving ethnic cleansing in inter-war Europe, post-colonial states and the post-communist Balkans. Steadily-growing prosperity may act as a kind of tranquilliser, but there is no reason to think the increase of wealth can go on indefinitely — and when it falters violence will surely return. In quite different ways, attacks on minorities and immigrants by neo-fascists in Europe, the popular demonstrations against austerity in Greece and the English riots of the past summer show the disruptive and dangerous impact of sudden economic slowdown on social peace”
    http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/john-gray-steven-pinker-violence-review/

    The second review by Ben Law called “Against Pinker’s Violence” takes issue with the very definition of Pinker applies to Violence as well as the way he uncritically applies it to societies that existed hundreds and Thousands of years before ours. Here he also quotes Foucault:

    “What do we achieve by placing our morality and values onto the Romans, Greeks, Egyptians, Victorians, Byzantines, Mayans etc? Is it attempting to compare the incomparable? But, is this not, how a misguided history beings? It assumes that ‘words have kept their meaning, that desires still pointed in a single direction, and that ideas retained their logic, [and it ignores the fact that] the world of speech and desires has known invasions, struggles, plundering, disguises, ploys.’ [8] Indeed, to comprehend and interpret the ideas of a period we have to stare into the face of the singularity of individual events — without sating that tempting urge for finality, for grand themes across the evidence. “
    http://www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=702

    The other disappointment in Ms. Henderson’s article is that her lack of concise definition and holistic approach to economic problems at times seem to devolve into New Age Jargon such as:

    “Planetary leaders including Nelson Mandela, Vaclav Havel, Martin Luther King, Jr., Wangari Maathai, Eleanor Roosevelt and Dr. Elise Boulding inspired people, along with today’s visionaries Aung San Suu Kyi, the Dalai Lama, Vandana Shiva, Dr. Michelle Bachelet, Daisaku Ikeda, Ervin Laszlo, Deepak Chopra, Jean Houston, Barbara Marx Hubbard and many more from all spiritual traditions. The Mayan Calendar sparked erroneous fears among populations that the world was ending. Instead, humanity is becoming conscious that ‘we are all one,’ as taught in most religious traditions and books, including The Ways and Power of Love by Pitirim Sorokin”

    Positing of the title of planetary leaders – on people who no matter how noteworthy their accomplishments- is akin to the vague New Age language that would label people like Ken Wilber and Andrew Cohen as “New Thought Leaders”

    If by Planetary leadership we mean those influencing the Earth’s destiny – if for any mortal that were even possible- then we could also include on this list such famous and infamous figures as the Koch Brothers, Vladimir Putin, Hu Jintao, King Abdulla, as well as the deceased Osama Bin Laden. We can also include Barack Obama whose planetary leadership relies on the use of a global surveillance network and an arsenal of drones. Is the sanitized violence of drone warfare also something we should be self-congratulatory for in demonstrating our liberal humanist values?

    Moreover, although I don’t know all the folks she cites as being visionaries I’d also take issue with some (though not all) of the people she mentions here especially the last three beginning with Deepak Chopra and see them as cites purveyors of Integral Ideology. http://www.integralworld.net/carlson.html

    Lastly although I am sympathetic to the alternative global economic regime Ms. Henderson favors and applaud her life long work as an economist in response to:

    “This is why Ethical Markets Media produces our Green Transition Scoreboard® mapping the shift from the fossil-fueled Industrial Era to the Solar Age. As investors realize the nature of real wealth, they are moving their money tokens to invest in the cleaner, greener, information-rich green sectors worldwide. The first wave of venture capitalists rushed into “green” investments.”

    all I can say at this point is I am more than 50K poorer to have bought into to this line of thinking …… Ah but hope springs eternal 😉

    Peace
    Rich

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